A Comprehensive Guide to Owning Cattle in the UK

Owning cattle can be a fulfilling and profitable endeavour, offering opportunities for meat, milk, and even agritourism. However, it requires substantial knowledge and commitment. For those new to cattle farming in the UK, this guide will cover everything you need to know.

Selecting and Buying Cattle

1. Choosing the Right Breed: Decide the primary purpose of your cattle. Dairy breeds like Holstein Friesian or Jersey are ideal for milk production, while beef breeds such as Aberdeen Angus or Hereford are better suited for meat. Dual-purpose breeds, like the British Shorthorn, offer a balance of both.

2. Purchasing Healthy Stock: Buy from reputable breeders or livestock markets. Look for cattle with bright eyes, shiny coats, and good body condition. It's advisable to get a vet's opinion before finalising your purchase.

3. Herd Size and Companionship: Cattle are social animals and thrive in groups. Plan to keep at least a small herd to ensure their well-being and to facilitate natural behaviours.

Setting Up for Cattle

1. Land and Grazing: Cattle require ample grazing land, typically about 1.5 to 2 acres per animal. Ensure your pasture has a variety of grasses and legumes for balanced nutrition and is well-maintained to prevent overgrazing.

2. Fencing: Strong, secure fencing is crucial to keep cattle contained and safe. Electric fencing can be effective but should be regularly checked and maintained.

3. Shelter: Cattle need shelter from extreme weather conditions. Provide a robust barn or a three-sided shed that offers protection from wind, rain, and excessive sun.

4. Water: Ensure a constant supply of fresh water. Cattle drink a significant amount daily, especially in warm weather, so check and refill water sources frequently.

Daily Care and Management

1. Feeding: In addition to grazing, cattle often need supplementary feed, especially in winter. Silage, hay, and specialised cattle feed can provide the necessary nutrients. Ensure their diet is balanced with minerals and vitamins.

2. Health Care: Regular health checks are vital. Be aware of common cattle diseases such as bovine tuberculosis (TB), foot and mouth disease, and mastitis. Work with a vet to establish a vaccination and deworming schedule.

3. Breeding: If you plan to breed cattle, understand the breeding cycle and the care required for pregnant cows and calves. Ensure calves receive colostrum shortly after birth for immunity.

4. Hoof Care: Regularly inspect and trim cattle hooves to prevent overgrowth and associated lameness. Good hoof health is crucial for mobility and overall well-being.

Legal and Regulatory Considerations

1. Animal Welfare Act 2006: Comply with the Animal Welfare Act by providing appropriate living conditions, diet, and medical care.

2. Identification and Registration: Cattle must be tagged with an official ear tag and registered with the British Cattle Movement Service (BCMS). Maintain accurate records of your herd.

3. Movement Records: All cattle movements must be recorded and reported to the BCMS. This helps in tracking and controlling disease outbreaks.

4. Biosecurity: Implement biosecurity measures to prevent disease. This includes controlling farm access, quarantining new animals, and maintaining clean facilities.

Enjoying Cattle Farming

1. Dairy Production: If you have dairy cattle, you can sell milk directly, make dairy products, or supply to larger dairies. Ensure you understand the regulations around milk production and sales.

2. Meat Production: For beef cattle, learn the process of raising, butchering, and selling meat. Local markets, direct sales, and farm shops can be excellent outlets.

3. Agritourism: Consider integrating agritourism into your farm. Offering farm tours, cow milking experiences, or selling farm-produced goods can provide additional income and community engagement.

4. Community and Support: Join local farming groups or national organisations like the National Farmers' Union (NFU). These groups offer resources, support, and networking opportunities with other cattle farmers.

Owning cattle can be a rewarding experience, combining the joy of working with animals with the potential for a sustainable business. By following these guidelines and committing to their care, you'll ensure a successful and enjoyable cattle farming journey. Happy farming!