A Complete Guide to Caring for Aberdeen Angus Cows

Aberdeen Angus cows are one of the most popular beef cattle breeds in the UK and around the world. Known for their hardiness, easy calving, and high-quality beef, they are a favourite among farmers, smallholders, and breeders alike. Originally from Scotland, Aberdeen Angus cattle are well-suited to the UK’s climate and farming systems, making them a reliable and profitable breed for both experienced farmers and new owners.

If you’re considering keeping Aberdeen Angus cattle, this guide will provide you with everything you need to know about caring for this specific breed, including housing, feeding, health care, breeding, and general management.

A Brief History of Aberdeen Angus Cows

The Aberdeen Angus breed originated in Aberdeenshire and Angus in Scotland during the early 19th century. The breed was developed from native black cattle and quickly gained popularity for its hardiness, efficient grazing, and superior beef quality. By the mid-20th century, the breed had spread worldwide, becoming one of the most sought-after beef breeds in the world.

Today, Aberdeen Angus beef is renowned for its marbling, tenderness, and rich flavour, making it a premium product in both domestic and export markets.

Key Characteristics of Aberdeen Angus Cows

Aberdeen Angus cattle have several distinctive traits that make them a popular choice for farmers and smallholders.

• Size: Medium-sized breed. Mature cows typically weigh between 500-600kg, while bulls can weigh up to 900kg.
• Coat Colour: Traditionally black, although there is also a red variety known as Red Angus.
• Polled (Hornless): One of the defining characteristics of the breed is that they are naturally polled, meaning they do not have horns.
• Temperament: Generally docile and easy to handle, although bulls can be more assertive.
• Beef Quality: Aberdeen Angus cattle produce high-quality, well-marbled beef that is tender and flavourful.
• Adaptability: They are well-suited to a variety of farming systems, including both intensive and extensive grazing setups.

Housing for Aberdeen Angus Cows

Aberdeen Angus cattle are hardy animals that can thrive outdoors year-round, but they still require appropriate shelter and fencing to keep them safe and comfortable.

Shelter Requirements

• Natural Shelter: In milder climates, Aberdeen Angus cattle can rely on natural shelter such as trees and hedgerows to protect them from wind and rain.
• Man-Made Shelter: In harsher climates or for young calves, provide a field shelter or barn where the cattle can retreat during extreme weather. The shelter should be dry, well-ventilated, and spacious enough for all animals to lie down comfortably.

Fencing:

• Aberdeen Angus cattle require secure, sturdy fencing. Due to their strength and curiosity, use post-and-rail fencing or electric fencing to keep them contained.
• Regularly inspect fencing for damage and ensure gates are secure.

Feeding Aberdeen Angus Cows

Aberdeen Angus cattle are excellent foragers and can thrive on a pasture-based diet. However, to maintain their health and ensure good growth rates, they need a well-balanced diet, particularly during the winter months when pasture is less available.

Diet

• Grass and Forage: The majority of an Aberdeen Angus cow’s diet should consist of grass and forage, such as hay or silage. This provides essential fibre and helps maintain a healthy digestive system.
• Concentrates: Supplement their diet with concentrates during the winter months or when cows are pregnant or lactating. Concentrates provide additional energy and protein to support growth and milk production.
• Minerals and Vitamins: Provide a mineral block or loose minerals to ensure your cattle receive essential nutrients, including calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

Water

• Cattle need constant access to fresh, clean water. An adult cow can drink between 50-100 litres of water per day, depending on the weather and their diet.

Breeding Aberdeen Angus Cows

Aberdeen Angus cows are known for their easy calving and strong maternal instincts, making them an excellent choice for breeding.

Breeding Tips:

• Age to Breed: Heifers can be bred from around 15 months of age, once they have reached 60-65% of their adult weight.
• Gestation Period: The gestation period for cows is approximately 283 days (about 9.5 months).
• Calving: Aberdeen Angus cows are known for their ease of calving. However, it’s important to monitor them closely during labour and be prepared to assist if necessary.

Artificial Insemination (AI)

• Many farmers use AI to breed Aberdeen Angus cows with top-quality bulls, improving the genetic traits of the herd.

Health Care for Aberdeen Angus Cows

Keeping your Aberdeen Angus cows healthy is essential for their productivity and wellbeing. Regular health checks, vaccinations, and parasite control are key components of good herd management.

Vaccinations

Work with your vet to establish a vaccination schedule. Common vaccinations include:

• Clostridial diseases (e.g., tetanus, blackleg)
• Leptospirosis
• Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD)
• Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

Deworming

Regular deworming is necessary to control internal parasites. Use faecal egg counts to determine the parasite burden and avoid overusing dewormers to prevent resistance.

Hoof Care

• Trimming: Check hooves regularly for overgrowth or damage. Hooves should be trimmed every 4-6 months, depending on the environment.
• Foot Rot Prevention: Keep housing areas clean and dry to reduce the risk of foot rot.

Common Health Issues

• Bloat: Ensure your cows have a consistent diet and avoid sudden changes in feed to reduce the risk of bloat.
• Lice and Mites: Check your cattle regularly for external parasites and treat them with appropriate medications if necessary.
• Mastitis: A bacterial infection of the udder that can occur in lactating cows. Maintain good hygiene during milking to reduce the risk.

Behaviour and Handling

Aberdeen Angus cattle are generally calm and docile, making them suitable for both experienced farmers and new owners.

• Calm Handling: Approach your cattle calmly to avoid startling them. They respond well to gentle handling.
• Positive Reinforcement: Use treats and positive reinforcement to build trust with your cattle.
• Training: Cattle can be trained to follow basic commands and routines, making them easier to manage.

Why Choose Aberdeen Angus Cows?

There are several reasons why Aberdeen Angus cows are a popular choice for farmers and smallholders:

• High-Quality Beef: Aberdeen Angus beef is renowned for its marbling, tenderness, and flavour. It is often sold as a premium product.
• Easy Calving: The breed is known for its ease of calving, reducing the need for intervention during birth.
• Hardy and Adaptable: Aberdeen Angus cattle can thrive in a variety of climates and farming systems, including both intensive and extensive setups.
• Friendly Temperament: Their docile nature makes them easy to handle, even for beginners.

Final Thoughts

Aberdeen Angus cows are a fantastic choice for new owners looking to start a beef herd. Their high-quality beef, ease of calving, and friendly temperament make them a rewarding breed to keep.

By providing proper housing, a balanced diet, regular health care, and good breeding management, you can ensure your Aberdeen Angus cattle remain healthy and productive. Always work closely with your vet to establish a health management plan and enjoy the experience of raising this iconic and valuable breed