Caring for Your Cat During Cold Weather

Cold weather, ice and snow can present real challenges for cats, particularly during the UK winter when damp conditions, freezing temperatures and reduced daylight are common. While many cats appear independent and resilient, they rely on their owners to keep them safe, warm and healthy during colder months.

This detailed guide covers everything owners need to know to protect and care for their cats during cold weather.

How Cold Is Too Cold for Cats?

Cats generally tolerate cold less well than many people realise. While their fur offers some insulation, it does not fully protect them from prolonged exposure to low temperatures.

Factors That Affect Cold Tolerance

• Age (kittens and senior cats are more vulnerable)
• Coat length and thickness
• Body weight and overall health
• Whether the cat lives indoors or outdoors
• Exposure to damp or windy conditions

General Temperature Guidance

• Above 10°C – Most cats are comfortable.
• Between 5°C and 10°C – Some cats may feel cold, particularly those kept indoors.
• Below 5°C – Extra warmth and precautions are important for all cats.
• Below 0°C – Risk of hypothermia and frostbite increases significantly.

Cats should not be left outdoors for long periods during freezing conditions.

Outdoor Safety in Ice and Snow

Risks for Outdoor Cats

Ice and snow introduce hazards such as:

• Slips and falls
• Frozen or slippery climbing surfaces
• Reduced ability to escape danger
• Hidden sharp objects beneath snow
• Cars seeking warmth, posing a risk to cats sheltering underneath

If your cat goes outdoors, consider limiting access during extreme cold, ice or snow.

Check for Cats Before Starting Vehicles

Cats often seek warmth under car bonnets or near engines. Always:

• Tap the bonnet
• Check wheel arches before starting your car during cold weather.

Keeping Cats Warm Outdoors

Outdoor Shelters

If your cat spends time outside:

• Provide an insulated, weatherproof shelter.
• Raise it off the ground.
• Use straw or insulated bedding (avoid blankets that absorb moisture).
• Position it away from wind and rain.

Fresh water should be provided and checked regularly to prevent freezing.

Outdoor Water and Food

• Replace frozen water bowls frequently.
• Use heavy or insulated bowls.
• Feed slightly more if advised by your vet, as cats may burn more energy keeping warm.

Caring for Indoor Cats in Winter

Indoor Warmth

• Ensure your cat has access to warm sleeping areas.
• Place beds away from draughts, doors and cold windows.
• Cats often enjoy raised beds or cosy enclosed spaces.

Heating Safety

• Keep cats away from open fires and portable heaters.
• Check tumble dryers and washing machines before use.
• Never place hot water bottles directly in beds without a cover.

Nutrition and Hydration in Cold Weather

Feeding

Some cats may need:

• Slightly increased food intake if they are more active or go outdoors.
• Warming wet food to room temperature in winter can improve palatability.

Avoid overfeeding indoor cats who may be less active during winter months.

Water Intake

Cats can drink less in cold weather, increasing the risk of dehydration.

• Provide multiple water bowls.
• Refresh water regularly.
• Consider a cat water fountain to encourage drinking.

Paw and Coat Care in Winter

Paw Safety

Cats’ paws can be irritated by grit, salt and ice:

• Check paws after outdoor trips.
• Gently wipe paws with a damp cloth if needed.
• Watch for limping or excessive licking.

Coat Maintenance

• Regular brushing helps maintain insulation.
• Remove mud, ice or debris caught in fur.
• Long-haired cats may need extra grooming to prevent matting and dampness.

Cold Weather Health Risks for Cats

Hypothermia

Signs include:

• Shivering
• Lethargy
• Weakness
• Cold ears and paws
• Slow breathing

If you suspect hypothermia:

• Bring your cat indoors immediately.
• Wrap them in warm towels.
• Contact your vet urgently.

Frostbite

Commonly affects ears, tail and paws. Signs include:

• Pale or bluish skin
• Swelling
• Pain or sensitivity

Veterinary attention is required if frostbite is suspected.

Antifreeze Poisoning

Antifreeze is extremely toxic to cats and even tiny amounts can be fatal.

• Clean spills immediately.
• Store products securely.
• Be alert to symptoms such as vomiting, staggering or seizures.

This is a medical emergency and requires immediate veterinary care.

Arthritis and Joint Pain

Cold weather can worsen arthritis in older cats.

• Provide warm, padded bedding.
• Use ramps or steps to favourite spots.
• Speak to your vet about pain management.

Special Considerations for Vulnerable Cats

Kittens

• Struggle to regulate body temperature.
• Should be kept indoors in cold weather.
• Need warm, draught-free sleeping areas.

Senior Cats

• More sensitive to cold.
• May move less and hide discomfort.
• Benefit from extra warmth and regular health checks.

Sick or Underweight Cats

• Have reduced ability to stay warm.
• Should be kept indoors and monitored closely.

Preparing for Severe Winter Weather

• Keep extra food, litter and medication at home.
• Ensure microchip details are up to date.
• Fit breakaway collars with reflective strips if your cat goes outside.
• Limit outdoor access during extreme weather conditions.

Conclusion

Cold weather, ice and snow can pose serious risks to cats, particularly in the damp and changeable UK climate. With thoughtful preparation, extra warmth and careful monitoring, you can help ensure your cat stays safe, comfortable and healthy throughout the winter months.

If you have any concerns about how your cat is coping in cold weather, contact your vet for advice. A few simple precautions can make a significant difference to your cat’s wellbeing when temperatures drop.