A Comprehensive Guide to Keeping Cockroaches as Pets

Cockroaches may not be the first creatures that come to mind when considering exotic pets, but they are fascinating, low-maintenance, and easy to care for. Whether you are interested in them as feeder insects, for breeding purposes, or as a unique pet, cockroaches can be rewarding to keep.

This guide covers everything you need to know about keeping cockroaches, including species selection, housing, feeding, breeding, and general care.

Why Keep Cockroaches?

Cockroaches are often misunderstood, but they have many benefits as pets:

• Low maintenance: They require minimal care compared to other pets.
• Quiet and odourless: Unlike crickets, cockroaches do not make noise or emit strong odours.
• Excellent feeder insects: Many species are highly nutritious for reptiles and amphibians.
• Fascinating to observe: Some species display unique behaviours and striking appearances.
• Long lifespan: Many species live for several years.

Choosing the Right Cockroach Species

Not all cockroaches are the same. Some species are ideal for handling, while others are better suited as feeder insects. Below are some of the most popular species:

Madagascar Hissing Cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa)

• Large, reaching up to 10 cm
• Docile and easy to handle
• Lives 2–5 years
• Requires moderate humidity and warmth

Dubia Roach (Blaptica dubia)

• Common feeder insect
• Does not climb smooth surfaces
• Lives up to 2 years
• Requires warm, humid conditions

Death’s Head Cockroach (Blaberus craniifer)

• Has a striking skull-like marking on its pronotum
• Active but not aggressive
• Lives up to 2 years
• Cannot climb glass or plastic enclosures

Giant Cave Roach (Blaberus giganteus)

• One of the largest species, reaching 10 cm
• Shy and non-aggressive
• Needs high humidity and warmth
• Lives up to 2 years

Turkestan Roach (Shelfordella lateralis)

• Fast-moving and great as feeders
• Short lifespan of around 1 year
• Can climb smooth surfaces
• Breeds rapidly in warm conditions

Each species has different care requirements, so choose one that best suits your needs.

Setting Up a Cockroach Enclosure

Cockroaches are adaptable, but providing the right environment will ensure they thrive. Here’s how to create a suitable habitat:

Enclosure Type

• Plastic or glass terrariums work well.
• A secure lid is essential, especially for climbing species.
• Ventilation holes should be small to prevent escapes.

Substrate

• Coconut fibre, peat moss, or paper towels can be used.
• Substrate helps maintain humidity and provides burrowing opportunities.
• Keep it dry for species like Dubia roaches; humid for species like Giant Cave Roaches.

Hiding Places

• Egg cartons, cork bark, and toilet rolls provide excellent hiding spots.
• More hides reduce stress and encourage natural behaviour.

Temperature & Humidity

• Most species thrive at 24–30°C.
• Use a heat mat or ceramic heat emitter if necessary.
• Humidity varies by species:
  • High humidity: Madagascar hissing, Giant Cave, Death’s Head roaches.
  • Low humidity: Dubia and Turkestan roaches.

Lighting

• Cockroaches are nocturnal and do not require lighting.
• Keep them in a dimly lit or dark environment.

Feeding Your Cockroaches

Cockroaches are omnivorous and eat a wide variety of foods. A proper diet ensures a healthy colony.

Staple Foods

• Fresh fruits and vegetables (carrots, apples, bananas, leafy greens)
• Dry foods such as dog biscuits, oats, or bran
• Protein sources like fish flakes, chicken feed, or boiled eggs

Water

• Use a shallow dish with a sponge or cotton wool to prevent drowning.
• Gel water crystals are a good alternative.

Feeding Schedule

• Feed every 1–2 days, removing uneaten food to prevent mould and pests.

Breeding Cockroaches

Many cockroach species breed readily in captivity. If you want to establish a colony, consider the following factors:

Breeding Conditions

• Maintain temperatures around 26–30°C to encourage reproduction.
• Keep humidity levels appropriate for the species.
• Provide plenty of hiding spots for nymphs to avoid predation.

Egg Cases vs Live Birth

• Some species, like Dubia roaches, give birth to live young.
• Others, like Madagascar hissing cockroaches, lay egg cases called oothecae.
• Ensure the enclosure has stable conditions for successful hatching.

Growth and Maturity

• Nymphs go through multiple moults before reaching adulthood.
• Growth rate depends on temperature, humidity, and diet.
• Most species reach maturity in 4–6 months.

Handling and Interaction

Some cockroach species tolerate handling better than others. If you plan to interact with your cockroaches, follow these tips:

• Gently pick them up by cupping your hands rather than grabbing.
• Madagascar hissing cockroaches are ideal for handling as they move slowly.
• Wash your hands after handling, as cockroaches can carry bacteria.
• Avoid disturbing them too often to reduce stress.

Common Health Issues

Cockroaches are hardy, but certain conditions can cause health problems:

Dehydration

• Signs: Lethargy, shrivelled appearance.
• Solution: Increase humidity and provide fresh water.

Mould and Fungal Growth

• Caused by excessive moisture.
• Solution: Improve ventilation and remove mouldy food.

Parasites

• Mites can infest colonies but are usually harmless.
• Solution: Keep the enclosure clean and quarantine new additions.

Preventing Escapes

Cockroaches are excellent escape artists, so take precautions:

• Use a smooth, escape-proof enclosure with a secure lid.
• Apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly along the top edges to prevent climbing.
• Regularly check for gaps or damage in the enclosure.

Ethical Considerations

Cockroaches may not be traditional pets, but they deserve proper care and respect:

• Provide an appropriate habitat and diet.
• Avoid unnecessary handling if the species is sensitive.
• If keeping them as feeders, ensure they are bred and euthanised humanely.

Conclusion

Keeping cockroaches can be a rewarding and educational experience. Whether you want them as pets, feeder insects, or for breeding, understanding their care requirements is essential. By setting up a proper enclosure, providing a balanced diet, and maintaining suitable conditions, you can ensure a thriving colony of these fascinating creatures.