Keeping the Surinam Roach

The Surinam roach (Pycnoscelus surinamensis) is a fascinating, burrowing cockroach known for its unique method of reproduction and peaceful nature. Often found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, this species is parthenogenetic—meaning all individuals are female and reproduce without mating. Their simple care requirements and prolific breeding make them a favourite for insect keepers and reptile owners in need of reliable feeders.

In this care guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about keeping and breeding Pycnoscelus surinamensis successfully in captivity.

What is a Surinam Roach?

Originally native to Southeast Asia, the Surinam roach has established populations in warm regions around the world. It thrives in moist, underground environments and spends most of its life burrowed in substrate. Its gentle temperament and parthenogenetic reproduction make it an unusual and interesting addition to any invertebrate collection.

Key Characteristics:

• Scientific name: Pycnoscelus surinamensis

• Size: 1.8–2.5 cm (0.7–1 inch)

• Lifespan: 6–12 months

• Appearance: Shiny dark brown or black body with pale edges; small and compact

• Wings: Present in adults but incapable of flight; rarely used

• Temperament: Shy, burrowing, and non-aggressive

These roaches are silent, odourless, and entirely incapable of infesting homes in colder climates.

Enclosure Setup

Tank Size

A 10–20 litre plastic container is more than adequate for a thriving colony. Ensure the lid is tight-fitting and ventilated to prevent escapes and maintain airflow.

Ventilation

Drill small holes into the sides or lid of the container and cover them with mesh. This helps to regulate humidity and reduce the risk of mould.

Substrate

Surinam roaches are fossorial, meaning they dig and live underground. A deep, moisture-retaining substrate is essential.

• Coconut fibre (coir) — best option

• Organic topsoil (pesticide-free)

• Sphagnum moss (mixed in)

• Leaf litter (optional for enrichment)

Substrate should be 5–10 cm deep and slightly moist. Avoid waterlogged conditions.

Hides and Structure

These cockroaches rarely emerge from their substrate, but surface hides help mimic their natural environment.

• Cork bark slabs

• Leaf litter piles

• Bark tubes or caves

Dark, secure hiding places reduce stress and support natural behaviours.

Temperature and Humidity

Warmth and humidity are crucial for health and breeding.

• Temperature: 24–28°C (75–82°F)

• Humidity: 70–90%

Use a heat mat on the side or bottom of the enclosure and mist the substrate lightly as needed. A thermostat will help avoid overheating.

Diet and Feeding

Surinam roaches are scavengers with a wide-ranging diet. Feed a mix of fresh plant matter and occasional protein.

Vegetables:

• Carrot

• Sweet potato

• Courgette

• Pumpkin

Fruits:

• Apple

• Banana

• Melon

• Berries

Protein:

• Fish flakes

• Dry dog/cat kibble (sparingly)

• Insect jelly or roach chow

• Cooked egg or meat (very occasional)

Feed small portions 2–3 times per week. Remove uneaten fresh food within 24 hours to prevent mould and pest issues.

Water

Hydration is typically provided through moist substrate and fresh produce.

• Moist vegetables and fruit

• Water gel crystals (optional)

• Avoid open water dishes (drowning hazard for nymphs)

Handling and Behaviour

Surinam roaches are secretive and rarely seen above ground.

Tips for Interaction:

• Scoop gently using substrate to avoid stressing them

• Avoid handling freshly moulted individuals

• Ideal for observation, not handling

They are most active at night and tend to flee when disturbed.

Breeding and Colony Management

This species is incredibly easy to breed due to parthenogenesis—all individuals are female and capable of producing clones of themselves.

Reproduction Facts:

• Parthenogenetic: No males; all-female population

• Ovoviviparous: Egg cases are retained internally

• Gestation: ~30 days

• Nymphs: Born live, usually 20–30 per brood

• Time to maturity: 2–3 months

Colony Tips:

• A small starter group can quickly grow into a self-sustaining colony

• Deep substrate is critical for successful breeding

• Avoid disturbing the enclosure too frequently

Colonies can be harvested sustainably for feeders with minimal maintenance.

Cleaning and Maintenance

Surinam roaches are clean and produce little odour, but regular care keeps the colony healthy.

Cleaning Routine:

• Daily: Check food and humidity levels

• Weekly: Remove old food and waste

• Monthly: Replace some substrate, clean enclosure walls

Avoid full cleanouts too often, as this can disrupt breeding. Spot cleaning is usually sufficient.

Health and Common Issues

These roaches are very hardy, but some issues can still arise.

• Dryness: Low humidity leads to failed moults

• Mould: Overwatering or old food can create fungal growth

• Mites: Attracted by poor hygiene

• Escapees: They can burrow around loose lids—secure enclosures are essential

Keep conditions stable and hygienic to minimise risk.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

• Easy to care for and breed

• All-female, parthenogenetic reproduction

• Great as feeders or for observation

• Burrowing behaviour is unique

• Quiet, odourless, and non-invasive

Cons:

• Rarely visible—spend most of their lives underground

• Not suitable for regular handling

• Thrive in warm, humid conditions only

• Can become overpopulated if unmanaged

Final Thoughts

The Surinam roach is one of the easiest cockroach species to maintain, thanks to its all-female reproductive system, peaceful temperament, and minimal care requirements. Whether you're looking for a reliable feeder colony or a low-maintenance invertebrate to observe in a naturalistic enclosure, Pycnoscelus surinamensis is a brilliant option.

Its hidden lifestyle might not be for everyone, but for those intrigued by the unseen rhythms of burrowing insects, the Surinam roach offers a fascinating glimpse into a quietly self-sustaining world beneath the surface.