A Complete Guide to Keeping Mandarin Ducks

Mandarin ducks are among the most beautiful and exotic waterfowl species, known for their stunning plumage and unique behaviour. Originating from East Asia, these ornamental ducks have become increasingly popular in the UK among aviculturists and bird enthusiasts. However, keeping Mandarin ducks requires careful planning and commitment to ensure their well-being.

This comprehensive guide will provide you with everything you need to know about keeping Mandarin ducks, including housing, feeding, health, and legal considerations.

Introduction to Mandarin Ducks

Mandarin ducks (Aix galericulata) are small, perching ducks known for their striking appearance. Males boast an impressive display of vibrant colours, including orange, blue, and white feathers, while females have a more subdued, yet elegant greyish-brown plumage with eye-catching white markings.

Key Characteristics:

• Lifespan: 10-15 years with proper care
• Size: Small to medium (weighing around 400-700 grams)
• Temperament: Shy, skittish, and independent
• Plumage: Males are brightly coloured; females have more muted tones
• Breeding Season: April to June
• Native Habitat: Wooded wetlands, lakes, and slow-moving rivers

Why Choose Mandarin Ducks?

Mandarin ducks are a fantastic choice for those who want a visually striking and unique addition to their waterfowl collection. Here are a few reasons why they are so popular:

1. Exquisite Appearance: Their dazzling plumage makes them one of the most beautiful duck breeds.
2. Quiet Nature: They are relatively quiet compared to other waterfowl, making them suitable for peaceful gardens.
3. Adaptable to UK Climate: With proper care, they can thrive in the UK’s temperate climate.
4. Low Maintenance: They require minimal intervention once settled in a suitable habitat.
5. Excellent for Ponds: They enhance the aesthetic appeal of ornamental ponds and lakes.

Housing Requirements for Mandarin Ducks

Providing the right environment is crucial to ensure your Mandarin ducks are comfortable and secure.

Pond and Water Access

Mandarin ducks are waterfowl and require a clean, natural water source to thrive.

• Pond Size: A minimum of 5-10 square metres per pair with a depth of at least 60 cm.
• Shallow Edges: Essential for easy access and safe swimming.
• Vegetation: Include plants like reeds and water lilies for cover and foraging.
• Water Quality: Regular cleaning or filtration to prevent algae build-up and contamination.

Enclosure and Security

Mandarins are excellent flyers and can escape easily if not properly enclosed.

• Fencing: Use at least 1.8-metre high aviary netting or mesh to prevent escape.
• Predator Protection: Secure the enclosure against foxes, rats, and birds of prey.
• Shelter: Provide dry, wind-proof shelter with nesting areas, especially during colder months.

Tip: Covering the enclosure with netting will help prevent them from flying away.

Feeding Your Mandarin Ducks

A well-balanced diet is essential to maintain the health and vibrant plumage of Mandarin ducks.

Essential Nutrition

1. Duck Pellets: High-quality waterfowl pellets should form the basis of their diet.
2. Grains: Wheat, barley, and cracked corn can supplement their daily intake.
3. Insects and Protein: Mealworms, earthworms, and small crustaceans mimic their natural diet.
4. Greens and Vegetables: Leafy greens, peas, and aquatic plants provide essential vitamins.
5. Clean Water: Always ensure they have access to fresh drinking water separate from their swimming area.

Feeding Tip: Scatter food around their enclosure to encourage natural foraging behaviour.

Breeding and Nesting

Mandarin ducks are cavity nesters, preferring to lay their eggs in tree hollows or nesting boxes.

Breeding Tips

• Nesting Boxes: Provide elevated wooden nesting boxes, ideally 1-2 metres above ground, lined with straw.
• Egg Clutch Size: Typically 9-12 eggs per clutch.
• Incubation Period: Around 28-30 days, with the female incubating the eggs.
• Duckling Care: Provide shallow water for ducklings and a safe, predator-free environment.

Breeding Tip: Place nesting boxes near water sources to allow easy access for the ducklings once hatched.

Health and Common Concerns

Mandarin ducks are relatively hardy but can be prone to certain health issues if not properly cared for.

Common Health Issues

• Wet Feather: Caused by poor water quality; ensure clean bathing areas.
• Respiratory Infections: Often due to damp or draughty conditions in their shelter.
• Parasites: Regularly check for external parasites like mites and lice.
• Foot Injuries: Provide clean, dry ground areas to prevent bumblefoot.

Preventative Care: Maintain good hygiene, provide a balanced diet, and conduct regular health checks.

Mandarin Duck Behaviour and Handling

Mandarin ducks are naturally shy and prefer minimal human interaction.

• They are best enjoyed as ornamental birds rather than pets.
• They prefer to forage and explore rather than be handled.
• They are social and should ideally be kept in pairs or small groups.
• Their courtship displays in the breeding season are fascinating to observe.

Handling Tip: If necessary, handle them gently and only when absolutely required to avoid stress.

Winter Care for Mandarin Ducks

Mandarin ducks are well-adapted to cold climates but require some additional care in winter.

1. Sheltered Areas: Provide windproof and insulated shelters to protect against frost.
2. Additional Feeding: Increase their caloric intake to help them maintain body heat.
3. Unfrozen Water: Ensure their pond or water source does not freeze over completely.
4. Dry Perches: Offer dry roosting areas off the ground to prevent frostbite.

Winter Tip: Consider adding a floating de-icer to their pond to keep water accessible.

Legal Considerations in the UK

Before acquiring Mandarin ducks, it's essential to comply with UK regulations regarding the keeping of wildfowl.

• DEFRA Regulations: Mandarin ducks are a non-native species and may require permits if kept in large numbers.
• Containment Laws: They must not be released into the wild, as they could disrupt native ecosystems.
• Local Council Guidelines: Check for any restrictions related to keeping waterfowl in your area.
• Ethical Considerations: Ensure your ducks are sourced from reputable breeders and not taken from the wild.

Conclusion

Mandarin ducks are a stunning and rewarding addition to any pond or waterfowl collection in the UK. Their beauty, quiet nature, and low maintenance requirements make them an ideal choice for those who can provide a safe and spacious environment.

With the right housing, nutrition, and care, these magnificent birds will thrive and bring joy for years to come.