Peruvian Guinea Pigs: Long-Haired Beauties for the Dedicated Keeper

Peruvian guinea pigs are one of the most striking and distinctive guinea pig breeds, instantly recognisable by their long, flowing coats that can grow up to 30 cm in length. Known for their glamorous appearance, these guinea pigs require a high level of grooming and maintenance, making them best suited for experienced or very dedicated keepers.

In this post, we’ll cover everything you need to know about Peruvian guinea pigs, from their unique traits and grooming needs to housing, diet, behaviour, health, and whether they might be the right breed for you.

What Are Peruvian Guinea Pigs?

The Peruvian guinea pig is a breed of domesticated guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Despite their name, they were first developed in France and the UK in the 19th century, though their ancestors came from South America like all guinea pigs.

They are among the oldest recognised long-haired breeds and remain a favourite in the show world for their dramatic coats. Pet Peruvians are just as charming, but their grooming requirements are much greater than short-haired breeds like the English guinea pig.

Key Characteristics

• Size: 20–30 cm in length, weighing 700–1,200 g (females are smaller than males)
• Lifespan: 5–7 years on average, though some can live longer with excellent care
• Temperament: Gentle, affectionate, but may be more reserved than some other breeds
• Appearance: Long, straight hair that parts along the back and flows down the sides and over the face
• Colours/Patterns: Wide range, including solid, bicolour, tricolour, and agouti

Their long hair makes them a favourite for shows, but it also means they need regular and consistent grooming.

Social Needs

Like all guinea pigs, Peruvians are herd animals and should never be kept alone. They thrive in pairs or groups, where they can groom, play, and communicate with one another.

Best Practices:

• Keep in same-sex groups or neutered pairs unless breeding is intended.
• Females often live together peacefully, while males may require more careful introductions.
• Daily social interaction with humans strengthens bonds and prevents shyness.

A lonely guinea pig will become stressed and unhealthy, so companionship is essential.

Housing and Environment

Peruvian guinea pigs require the same spacious enclosures as other breeds, but with special consideration for their coats.

Enclosure Requirements:

• Indoor cage size: Minimum 120 cm x 60 cm for a pair (larger is strongly recommended).
• Outdoor hutches: Must be predator-proof, insulated, and weatherproof. Always pair with a secure run for grazing.
• Bedding: Paper-based bedding, aspen, or fleece liners. Their coats easily trap debris, so soft, low-dust options are best.
• Nesting material: Hay serves as both food and bedding, but avoid deep piles that can tangle fur.
• Temperature: Keep between 18–24°C, avoiding humidity, draughts, or excessive heat.

Enrichment:

• Hideouts, tunnels, and chew toys.
• Daily floor time in a secure playpen or room.
• Safe outdoor grazing in mild weather, with coats checked afterwards for dirt and tangles.

Peruvians require more frequent cleaning of their enclosure, as their coats drag along the ground and easily collect mess.

Diet and Nutrition

Peruvian guinea pigs share the same dietary needs as all guinea pigs, with an emphasis on vitamin C and high-fibre hay.

Core Diet:

• Hay: Unlimited supply of timothy, meadow, or orchard hay. Essential for digestion and dental wear.
• Pellets: Guinea pig-specific pellets fortified with vitamin C.
• Vegetables: Daily fresh portions of leafy greens and vegetables such as kale, spinach, romaine lettuce, bell peppers, and cucumber.
• Fruits: Occasional treats such as apple, blueberry, strawberry, or orange slice.
• Supplements: Vitamin C supplementation may be necessary if diet is lacking.

Foods to Avoid:

• Iceberg lettuce (low nutritional value).
• Potato, rhubarb, and tomato leaves (toxic).
• Onions, garlic, and leeks (toxic).
• Processed foods, seeds, or nuts.

Fresh water must be available at all times in a bottle or bowl.

Grooming Needs

Grooming is the most demanding aspect of keeping Peruvian guinea pigs. Their coats can quickly become tangled, dirty, or matted without regular care.

Grooming Guide:

• Brushing: Daily brushing is essential to prevent tangles and remove debris. Use a soft-bristled brush or wide-toothed comb.
• Trimming: Many pet owners trim the hair around the rear and belly to prevent soiling and discomfort. Show guinea pigs may have hair left to grow long, but this requires much more upkeep.
• Bathing: Only when absolutely necessary. Use small-animal-safe shampoo and ensure thorough drying to prevent chills.
• Health checks: Inspect the coat and skin daily for parasites, sores, or signs of irritation. Long coats can hide health problems.
• Nail trimming: Every 4–6 weeks.

Peruvians require far more grooming than smooth or short-coated breeds, and this should be carefully considered before adopting them.

Handling and Behaviour

Peruvian guinea pigs are generally gentle and affectionate, though they may be slightly shyer than more active breeds like the Abyssinian. With regular handling, they can become very tame.

Handling Tips:

• Always support their body with both hands.
• Avoid pulling or tugging their hair when picking them up.
• Begin with short sessions to build trust.
• Use lap time and grooming sessions to strengthen bonds.

They enjoy exploring during floor time but must be supervised to avoid tangles or soiling.

Unique Traits

• Long, flowing coat: Can grow up to 30 cm, requiring daily care.
• Show popularity: Highly prized in exhibitions for their glamorous appearance.
• High-maintenance: Their coats demand far more grooming than any other breed.
• Gentle temperament: Often calmer and more reserved, making them good lap pets once bonded.

Health and Common Issues

Peruvians are prone to the same health problems as other guinea pigs, but their coats create additional risks.

Common Health Concerns:

• Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy): Causes lethargy and joint pain if not addressed through diet.
• Respiratory infections: Can result from damp or dirty bedding.
• Dental problems: Insufficient hay can lead to overgrown teeth.
• Skin issues: Parasites and sores may be hidden beneath long hair.
• Matting and soiling: Without grooming, fur can cause discomfort, infection, or flystrike in warm months.

Daily coat checks and regular grooming are essential to prevent these issues.

Is a Peruvian Guinea Pig Right for You?

Peruvian guinea pigs are ideal for:

• Experienced keepers or very dedicated beginners.
• People who enjoy grooming and maintaining long coats.
• Families with older children who can help with daily care.
• Keepers interested in showing guinea pigs.

They may not be suitable for:

• Very young children or households looking for a “low-maintenance” pet.
• Owners unable to commit to daily grooming and regular cleaning.
• People with limited time for hands-on care.

Conclusion

Peruvian guinea pigs are beautiful, gentle, and rewarding pets, but they are also high-maintenance due to their long coats. They require daily grooming, regular trimming, and extra vigilance to keep their fur clean and free of tangles. For those willing to put in the time and care, they offer affectionate companionship and stunning good looks.

If you’re ready for the commitment, the Peruvian guinea pig can be one of the most striking and satisfying breeds to keep, adding elegance and charm to your household.