Caring for Your Rabbit During Cold Weather

Cold weather, ice and snow can pose serious risks to rabbits, particularly in the UK where winter conditions are often damp, changeable and unpredictable. While rabbits are sometimes thought of as hardy animals, they are highly sensitive to cold combined with wind, damp and draughts, and rely entirely on their owners to provide appropriate protection during winter.

This guide covers everything owners need to know to keep their rabbits safe, warm and healthy throughout the colder months, including housing options, nutrition, health risks and practical winter care.

How Cold Is Too Cold for Rabbits?

Rabbits generally cope better with cold than heat, but only when they are healthy, dry, well fed and properly sheltered. Cold becomes dangerous when it is combined with moisture, wind or poor housing.

Factors That Affect Cold Tolerance

• Age, with young and elderly rabbits being more vulnerable
• Existing health or dental problems
• Body condition and weight
• Whether rabbits live indoors or outdoors
• Exposure to wind, rain and damp bedding

General Temperature Guidance

• Above 10°C – Most rabbits are comfortable
• Between 5°C and 10°C – Rabbits need good shelter and dry bedding
• Below 5°C – Extra protection and close monitoring are essential
• Below 0°C – High risk of hypothermia and frostbite, particularly for outdoor rabbits

Rabbits should never be left exposed to prolonged freezing conditions without additional protection.

Housing and Shelter in Winter

Traditional Outdoor Hutches

Outdoor rabbits require significant winter preparation.

• Hutches should be raised off the ground
• They must be weatherproof, sturdy and draught-free
• Position hutches away from prevailing wind and heavy rain
• Use thick layers of bedding such as straw or hay for insulation
• Line sleeping areas with insulation boards or purpose-made hutch covers
• Ensure ventilation is adequate without creating draughts

Never place hutches directly on frozen or wet ground.

Alternative Winter Housing Options for Outdoor Rabbits

During periods of severe cold, ice or snow, standard hutches may not provide sufficient protection. In these situations, alternative housing options can greatly improve warmth, safety and comfort.

Garden Sheds

A secure garden shed can make an excellent home for rabbits.

Benefits:

• Strong protection from wind, rain and snow
• More stable temperatures than hutches
• Space for larger enclosures and enrichment

Important considerations:

• Ensure good ventilation without draughts
• Insulate walls and floors where possible
• Provide raised sleeping areas with plenty of bedding
• Ensure sheds are predator-proof and securely closed

Garages

Garages can be suitable for short-term winter housing if set up correctly.

Benefits:

• Warmer than outdoor hutches
• Shelter from extreme weather

Essential safety points:

• Garages must be dry and well ventilated
• Never house rabbits in a garage with a running vehicle
• Avoid exposure to fumes, fuel, paints or chemicals
• Ensure rabbits cannot access hazardous substances

Attached garages may be warmer but should be monitored carefully for air quality.

Utility Rooms, Porches and Boot Rooms

Enclosed indoor-adjacent spaces can provide safe winter accommodation.

Benefits:

• Stable temperatures
• Easy monitoring of health and behaviour
• Reduced exposure to damp and frost

Considerations:

• Protect wires and household items
• Provide non-slip, insulated flooring
• Maintain a calm, consistent routine

These spaces are particularly suitable for elderly or vulnerable rabbits.

Summerhouses and Outbuildings

Summerhouses and outbuildings can be adapted for winter use.

Preparation tips:

• Add insulation panels and thick bedding
• Block draughts while maintaining airflow
• Ensure the structure is fully waterproof
• Raise sleeping areas off the floor

Moving Rabbits Indoors Temporarily

In extreme weather, bringing rabbits indoors may be the safest option.

Suitable indoor spaces include:

• Spare rooms
• Large indoor pens
• Playpens in quiet areas of the home

When moving rabbits indoors:

• Avoid sudden temperature changes
• Introduce them gradually if possible
• Keep diet and routine consistent

Indoor housing is especially beneficial for elderly, young or unwell rabbits.

Bedding and Insulation

• Use dust-extracted straw or hay for warmth
• Avoid blankets or towels outdoors, as they absorb moisture and can freeze
• Check bedding daily and replace if damp
• Provide enclosed sleeping compartments to retain heat

Rabbits should always have access to dry, clean bedding.

Protecting Rabbits from Damp and Draughts

Damp conditions are often more dangerous than cold itself.

• Repair leaks promptly
• Keep sleeping areas elevated
• Use covers on runs to keep rain and snow out
• Avoid blocking ventilation completely

Persistent damp increases the risk of respiratory disease and skin infections.

Nutrition and Hydration in Cold Weather

Feeding

Rabbits may need slightly more energy in winter.

• Provide unlimited hay at all times
• Offer fresh leafy greens daily, removing uneaten food before it freezes
• Monitor weight regularly
• Avoid sudden diet changes

Water

Water bottles and bowls can freeze quickly.

• Check water multiple times a day
• Use insulated bottle covers
• Swap frozen bottles promptly
• Consider heavy ceramic bowls, which freeze more slowly

Rabbits must never be left without access to fresh water.

Health Risks During Winter

Hypothermia

Signs include lethargy, cold ears, weakness and shallow breathing. Hypothermia is a veterinary emergency. Bring rabbits indoors and contact a vet immediately.

Frostbite

Usually affects ears, feet and nose. Signs include pale or bluish skin, swelling and pain. Urgent veterinary treatment is required.

Respiratory Illness

Cold, damp environments can trigger respiratory infections. Watch for sneezing, nasal discharge, noisy breathing and reduced appetite.

Arthritis and Mobility Issues

Cold weather can worsen joint pain in older rabbits. Provide extra bedding and ensure easy access to food, water and litter areas.

Exercise and Enrichment in Winter

Rabbits still need daily exercise and mental stimulation.

• Allow supervised exercise in sheltered runs
• Clear ice and snow from exercise areas
• Provide tunnels, toys and enrichment indoors if outdoor time is limited

Never allow rabbits to exercise on icy surfaces.

Companionship and Social Needs

Rabbits are social animals.

• Bonded pairs help keep each other warm
• Monitor bonded rabbits closely during winter
• Never separate bonded rabbits unless advised by a vet

Special Considerations for Vulnerable Rabbits

Elderly Rabbits

Older rabbits struggle more with temperature regulation and may benefit from being moved indoors during cold weather.

Young or Sick Rabbits

Young, underweight or unwell rabbits should be kept indoors during winter and monitored closely.

Preparing for Severe Winter Weather

• Stock up on hay, food and bedding
• Check housing and alternative shelters before bad weather arrives
• Keep veterinary contact details accessible
• Have a plan to move rabbits indoors if conditions deteriorate

Conclusion

Winter can be a challenging time for rabbits, particularly in the UK’s cold and damp climate. With appropriate housing, dry bedding, adequate nutrition and careful monitoring, rabbits can remain comfortable and healthy throughout the colder months.

By planning ahead and adapting housing when necessary, you can ensure your rabbits stay safe, warm and well until spring arrives.