Articles
Field notes on caring for the pets you love.
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Shivers in Horses: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management
Shivers is a neurological disorder in horses that affects their hind limbs, making it difficult for them to back up or lift a hind leg. It is most common in breeds like warmbloods and draught horses. The exact cause is unknown, but it involves problems in the brain that affect coordination. Symptoms include trembling and spasms when the hind limb is lifted. Diagnosis is usually based on observing these movements. Although there is no cure, management with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and careful farrier work can help affected horses lead comfortable lives. Early veterinary assessment is important for managing the condition.
Equines -
Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia in Cats: A Silent Condition with Serious Consequences
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) in cats is a hormonally driven condition affecting the uterus lining, linked to serious diseases like pyometra. It often develops quietly with few signs. Caused by repeated hormonal stimulation, risk factors include lack of neutering, repeated cycles, age, and hormonal treatments. Early detection is difficult; symptoms include mild vaginal discharge, changed reproductive behaviour, and reduced fertility. Spaying is the definitive treatment and prevents progression to pyometra. Regular vet check-ups, observing changes, and early spaying help safeguard your cat’s health.
Cats -
What Vegetables Can Ducks Eat?
Ducks benefit from vegetables in their diet, helping with digestion and providing vitamins. Safe vegetables include leafy greens like lettuce and kale, brassicas, root vegetables, squash, marrow, peas, beans, and sweetcorn. Vegetables should be fed alongside commercial duck feed and not replace it. Some vegetables, like sweetcorn and spinach, should be given in moderation. Avoid raw potatoes, onions, garlic, mushrooms, aubergine leaves, and mouldy vegetables. Proper preparation is key, such as washing and chopping, and feeding vegetables in water mimics natural foraging. Ducks can have vegetables daily or several times a week but they should not make up more than 20–30% of the diet. Ducklings can have vegetables when older, but starter feed should remain their main diet. A balanced diet with vegetables contributes to overall duck health and egg laying.
Poultry -
Setting Up an Environment for Tadpoles: A Practical Guide
Learn how to raise tadpoles successfully by setting up a suitable environment. Use a 30-litre aquarium with dechlorinated water and gentle filtration. Maintain water quality with regular changes and provide the right temperatures. Feed tadpoles small amounts of suitable food daily. As tadpoles develop, ensure a gradual transition to land by lowering water and adding floating platforms. Avoid common mistakes like overcrowding, poor water quality, and neglecting land access during metamorphosis. With proper care, watch your tadpoles transform into healthy frogs.
Exotic -
Double Rex Rats: Unique, Velvety Companions for Experienced Keepers
Double rex rats are a unique type of pet rat, known for their patchy coats and velvety skin. These rats, a genetic variation of fancy rats, need specific care due to their unusual appearance. Double rex rats are social, requiring companionship with other rats, and need a warm, safe environment with adequate cage space and proper bedding. Their diet should include rat nuggets, fresh vegetables, and occasional protein treats. Handling must be gentle due to their sensitive skin. While generally healthy, they are prone to skin issues and tumours. Double rex rats are ideal for enthusiasts and families with older children who can provide the extra care they need.
Small Mammals -
Mammary Gland Disease in Dogs: Recognising Lumps Early and Understanding Treatment
Mammary gland disease is a frequent health issue in older unspayed female dogs, with tumours ranging from benign to cancerous. Early detection is key to better outcomes, so dog owners should regularly check for lumps along the mammary chain. Tumours are influenced by hormonal factors, age, breed, obesity, and medications. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and spaying to reduce risk. Prevention through early spaying, maintaining a healthy weight, and regular vet check-ups can lower the chances of such diseases. Early veterinary assessment is crucial if any new lumps or rapid changes occur.
Dogs -
The Complete Guide to Keeping Venomous Pets: Practicalities, Risks, and Legal Considerations
Keeping venomous pets in the UK requires specialised care and legal compliance. Venomous species, like snakes and spiders, pose significant risks and require secure, escape-proof housing and controlled access. Handling should be limited, using tools and PPE to prevent injury. Legal requirements under the Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 often necessitate a licence. Suitable keepers are experienced individuals prioritising safety and legal compliance. Proper emergency planning and ethical considerations are crucial, with public liability insurance strongly recommended. Owning such pets is a long-term commitment that is not suitable for beginners or households with children.
Exotic -
Pyometra in Cats: A Life-Threatening Uterine Infection Every Owner Should Recognise
Pyometra is a serious infection of the uterus in cats, primarily affecting unspayed females. It can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. Signs include lethargy, reduced appetite, vomiting, increased thirst, and abdominal swelling. There are two forms: open, with discharge, and closed, with no discharge, making it more dangerous. Diagnosis involves a physical exam, blood tests, and ultrasound. Emergency spaying is the main treatment, though medical management is rarely used. Early intervention typically leads to a good recovery. Preventing pyometra is straightforward through spaying, which is strongly suggested for non-breeding cats. Immediate vet care is crucial if symptoms appear after a heat cycle.
Cats -
Understanding Flashing Behaviour in Aquarium Fish
Flashing in aquarium fish is a sign of irritation or stress. It involves the fish rubbing against surfaces and can point to health or environmental issues. Occasional flashing might be normal, but persistent flashing suggests problems like parasites or poor water quality. Common causes include external parasites, poor water conditions, sudden environmental changes, excess mucus production, and chemical irritants. Symptoms often seen with flashing include clamped fins, rapid breathing, and white spots. To address flashing, test water parameters, observe fish behaviour, improve water quality, and check for parasites. Avoid unnecessary medication as it may worsen the situation. Maintain water quality, quarantine new fish, and avoid sudden changes to prevent flashing. Consult a vet or specialist if problems persist.
Aquatics -
A Complete Guide to Keeping ISA Brown Chickens
ISA Brown chickens are a popular choice for backyard poultry keepers in the UK. They are known for high egg production, with around 280–320 eggs per year, and have a friendly and calm temperament. These medium-sized hens were developed for egg laying by crossing heritage breeds. Key features include their adaptability to free-range gardens or enclosed runs and their suitability for families with children. Proper care involves secure housing, a balanced diet, and regular health checks. To keep them healthy, provide good nutrition, ventilation, and regular parasite control. ISA Browns generally integrate well with other chickens and thrive in the British climate with proper winter care.
Poultry -
Madagascan Tree Boa: The Emerald Ghost of Madagascar
The Madagascan Tree Boa is a visually striking snake native to Madagascar. Suitable for experienced keepers, it requires a spacious and stable environment with controlled temperatures and humidity. This arboreal species thrives in large, tree-filled enclosures with a focus on height. Feeding on small mammals and birds, it eats every 7–21 days depending on age. Known for its calm yet strong nature, it is best appreciated through observation rather than frequent handling. Proper care helps prevent health concerns like respiratory infections or shedding issues. With a lifespan of 15–25 years, it offers a rewarding experience for dedicated reptile enthusiasts.
Exotic -
Understanding The Critical Role of Vitamin C in Guinea Pig Health
Vitamin C is crucial for guinea pigs as they cannot produce it themselves. Lack of vitamin C leads to serious health problems, so it's important to know how much they need and where to get it. Guinea pigs need between 10–30 mg of vitamin C daily, depending on their condition. The best sources are vitamin C-fortified pellets, fresh vegetables like bell peppers and kale, and occasionally, fruits like kiwi and strawberries. Supplements can help if dietary intake is insufficient, but fresh vegetables should be prioritised. Watch out for signs of deficiency such as weakness and loss of appetite, and avoid common mistakes like relying solely on pellets or using vitamin C water drops. Offering a balanced meal plan ensures your guinea pig stays healthy and happy. Always consult a vet for advice on proper nutrition.
Small Mammals