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Cats
Explore expert articles on cats with Vet Verified.
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Do Indoor Cats Need Vaccinations?
Do indoor cats need vaccinations? Yes. Vaccinations help a cat’s body fight serious diseases. In the UK, core vaccines protect against feline panleukopenia, feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus. Kittens usually have jabs at about 8 to 9 weeks and again at 12 weeks, with boosters given yearly or every one to three years. Indoor cats can still catch infections from people, clothing, vet or cattery visits, other pets or insects, so speak to your vet about the right indoor cat vaccine plan. Vaccines are usually safe; mild reactions like tiredness, a small lump or reduced appetite can happen.
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Epilepsy in Cats: Understanding Seizures, Causes and Long-Term Management
Epilepsy in cats means a cat has repeated seizures. Seizures in cats can be generalised, with collapse, stiff limbs, paddling, drooling or loss of consciousness, or focal, with twitching, chewing motions or sudden behaviour changes. Causes include idiopathic epilepsy, brain problems like tumours or inflammation, and outside causes such as liver or kidney disease, low blood sugar or toxins. Vets diagnose seizures with history, exams, blood tests, urine tests and sometimes MRI or spinal fluid tests. Treatment may include medicines such as phenobarbital, levetiracetam or emergency diazepam, and fixing any underlying disease. You should give medicine exactly as prescribed, keep a seizure diary, minimise stress and have regular vet checks. During a seizure stay calm, do not hold the cat, move dangerous objects away and time the event. Seek urgent veterinary care if a seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, if there are repeated seizures, if the cat does not recover, or if it is the first seizure. With proper care many cats with epilepsy can live comfortable lives.
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Do Indoor Cats Get Fleas?
Indoor cats can still get fleas even if they never go outside. Fleas can enter homes on clothing, other pets, or through second-hand items. To prevent and manage fleas, use vet-recommended treatments for all pets, vacuum regularly, and wash bedding at high temperatures. Watch for signs like scratching, flea dirt, or irritated skin, and act swiftly if fleas are found. Fleas can cause skin issues, anaemia, and spread parasites, so prompt treatment is crucial. Regular checks and good hygiene help keep your indoor cat flea-free.
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What Are the Signs Your Cat Is Sick?
Cats are good at hiding illness, often showing subtle signs that can be hard to notice. Key indicators include changes in appetite, energy, litter habits, and grooming. Watch for signs like eating less or more, unusual tiredness, litter box issues, repeated vomiting, and changes in behaviour. Breathing problems, eye and nose discharge, and mobility issues can signal health problems too. If any of these signs appear, or if symptoms like difficulty breathing or severe lethargy occur, it's important to consult a vet promptly. Observing these signs can help keep your cat healthy and comfortable.
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Autoimmune Disorders in Cats: When the Immune System Misfires
Autoimmune disorders in cats occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. Though less common in cats than dogs, these conditions are serious and can affect multiple organ systems. Common disorders include Immune-Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia, Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia, Pemphigus Complex, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Symptoms vary but may include weakness, pale gums, skin lesions, and joint pain. Diagnosis often involves blood tests, imaging, and specialised immune testing. Treatment focuses on immunosuppressive therapy and supportive care. Regular veterinary monitoring and early intervention are key for managing symptoms and maintaining quality of life.
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Uterine Inertia in Cats: Understanding a Critical Cause of Difficult Labour
Uterine inertia is a serious problem affecting cats during labour, hindering their ability to deliver kittens. It can result in prolonged labour and risks such as kitten or placenta retention, infection, and exhaustion. There are two types: primary, where contractions don't start effectively, and secondary, where they start but become weak. Causes include litter size, hormonal imbalance, obesity, stress, and illness. Early signs include lack of progression, weak straining, and visible distress. Diagnosis involves veterinary exams, ultrasounds, and X-rays. Treatment options include medical management, assisted delivery, or emergency caesarean section. Prevention involves health checks, good nutrition, and a safe environment. If labour issues arise, seek urgent veterinary help to protect the mother and kittens.
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Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia in Cats: A Silent Condition with Serious Consequences
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) in cats is a hormonally driven condition affecting the uterus lining, linked to serious diseases like pyometra. It often develops quietly with few signs. Caused by repeated hormonal stimulation, risk factors include lack of neutering, repeated cycles, age, and hormonal treatments. Early detection is difficult; symptoms include mild vaginal discharge, changed reproductive behaviour, and reduced fertility. Spaying is the definitive treatment and prevents progression to pyometra. Regular vet check-ups, observing changes, and early spaying help safeguard your cat’s health.
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Pyometra in Cats: A Life-Threatening Uterine Infection Every Owner Should Recognise
Pyometra is a serious infection of the uterus in cats, primarily affecting unspayed females. It can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. Signs include lethargy, reduced appetite, vomiting, increased thirst, and abdominal swelling. There are two forms: open, with discharge, and closed, with no discharge, making it more dangerous. Diagnosis involves a physical exam, blood tests, and ultrasound. Emergency spaying is the main treatment, though medical management is rarely used. Early intervention typically leads to a good recovery. Preventing pyometra is straightforward through spaying, which is strongly suggested for non-breeding cats. Immediate vet care is crucial if symptoms appear after a heat cycle.
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Ovarian Cysts in Cats: Understanding a Hidden Hormonal Disorder
Ovarian cysts in cats are fluid-filled growths affecting the ovaries, often seen in unspayed females. These cysts can cause hormonal changes, leading to abnormal reproductive behaviours like prolonged heat cycles and increased vocalisation. While the cause isn't always clear, factors include failure to ovulate and hormonal imbalances. Diagnosis involves ultrasound and hormone tests. The preferred treatment is spaying, which removes ovaries and cysts, solving hormonal issues and preventing future risks like pyometra. Early spaying is the best way to prevent ovarian cysts, offering numerous health benefits for cats not used for breeding. If your cat shows repeated heat cycles or other unusual behaviours, consult a vet promptly for assessment and treatment options.
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Mammary Gland Disease in Cats: Early Detection, Risks and Treatment Options
Mammary gland disease in cats is a serious condition, commonly involving malignant tumours. Early detection of lumps along a cat's mammary chain is crucial as most feline mammary tumours are cancerous. Key risk factors include age, breed, hormonal influence, and reproductive status. Regular home checks and early spaying can help reduce risks. If you notice any lumps, redness, or changes in your cat's behaviour, seek veterinary care immediately. Treatment primarily involves surgery, sometimes alongside chemotherapy. With early detection and proper care, cats with this disease can often maintain a good quality of life.
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How to Help a Cat That Is Scared of Fireworks
Fireworks can be frightening for cats due to their loud and unpredictable nature. Cats with sensitive hearing may react strongly, showing signs like hiding, trembling or refusing food. To help your cat, create a safe indoor space with curtains closed and soft bedding. Allow your cat to choose whether to hide or seek comfort during fireworks. Avoid scolding for stress-related behaviours. If fear persists, consider gradual desensitisation, using pheromone diffusers or consulting a vet. Preparing ahead can ease their stress and keep them safe during firework season.
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Depression in Cats: Recognising Low Mood and Supporting Emotional Wellbeing
Learn about depression in cats and its causes like stress, loss, or illness. Changes such as sleeping more, reduced play, or eating less can signal depression. Common triggers include losing a companion, environmental changes, or social stress. Illness can also mimic depression. Ensure your cat's routine and environment support their wellbeing. Regular vet checks can rule out medical issues. If changes persist, consult your vet for behaviour advice. Help your cat adjust by restoring routine, increasing engagement, and providing safe spaces. Prompt vet help is crucial if your cat stops eating or shows signs of pain.
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